by Ben Williamson

In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward cage-free eggs as a more humane choice for this popular and versatile animal product. But beyond the ethical considerations, an important question remains: Are cage-free eggs healthy?

Nutritional Comparison

Eggs are considered by many health professionals to be an affordable source of essential nutrients because they are rich in amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. The lipids from eggs are rich in so-called “healthy fats” and although they are also high in cholesterol, eggs are handed out free on the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Scientific consensus seems to suggest that the nutritional quality of an egg is not solely determined by whether hens are kept in cages. Instead, it is influenced by factors related to being kept in a cage such as the hens' diet, overall health, and access to the outdoors. These factors collectively determine whether an egg is more nutritious for humans. 

• Environment: When hens are no longer kept in cages, they are able to spread their wings, move up and down multitiered aviaries, and perch up high like they would do in the wild to avoid predators. These more natural behaviors and more space for hens have been linked to healthier egg outcomes. 
• Diet: When hens are given access to the outdoors, they may be able to supplement their diets by foraging for insects and plants and may produce eggs with darker yolks due to higher lutein content and potentially more omega-3 fatty acids.
• Organic: Hens fed organic feed and raised to certified welfare standards which don’t include cages are generally not exposed to synthetic pesticides or fertilizers and can produce healthier outcomes and more nutritious eggs.

One recent study from Poland that investigated the effects of different production systems on egg nutrient composition and found free-range systems may improve the yolk’s fatty acid profile and have a more positive impact on human health.

Food Safety

Both cage-free and conventional eggs are susceptible to bacterial contamination, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. The level of safety largely depends on management practices of the farm, including cleanliness, biosecurity, and handling procedures. Although, some food safety advocates suggest that hens in cage-free systems produce safer eggs as they often have the opportunity for better exercise and natural behaviors, potentially leading to healthier birds.

The Center for Food Safety states that decades of research have clearly shown that cage confinement increases the risk of Salmonella contamination compared to cage-free production.

Regardless of their health and safety benefits, the ethical and animal welfare implications of cage-free eggs make them a preferred choice for many consumers.

Shopping with Compassion

Download Compassion in World Farming’s Compassionate Food Guide to help you navigate the different labels on the market to ensure your eggs and other animal-sourced foods were reared to the highest welfare standards.

Ben Williamson leads Compassion in World Farming's US office, overseeing the running of its campaigns, food business, and operations. Originally from London, England, Ben has over a decade of experience working for leading animal protection organizations in both the United States and United Kingdom. As a lead spokesperson, Ben has made numerous television appearances including NBC, CNN, Fox News, CBS, and Good Morning America and authored numerous op-ed pieces in USA Today, Newsweek, New York Daily News, Independent and more. Ben holds a Master’s degree in Political Science and Political Economy from London School of Economics and Political Science and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from University College London.